Exploring how the social model of disability can be re-invigorated for autism: in response to Jonathan Levitt

Levitt argues that the social model of disability needs to be re-invigorated, potentially by adapting the tool for separate countries. The social model has been successfully applied for some disabled groups in the United Kingdom. However, the social model is not implemented for neurodivergent labels such as autism, through the negative language of autism, causing severe problems for autistic individuals’ daily lives. The social model can be re-invigorated for autism, removing social barriers by changing non-autistic people’s attitudes towards autism through ensuring positive language of autism, preventing the categorisation of autism and fully enacting The Autism Act 2009 and The Equality Act 2010.     

英语习语在新闻标题中的临时变体

英语习语的临时变体广泛应用于新闻标题语篇。通过分析大量的新闻标题,研究习语临时变体在新闻标题语篇中的语义功能和美学功能,探讨新闻标题语篇中英语习语的临时变体类型,将之划分为语义返朴变体、词汇替代变体和句法结构变体,并结合认知语言学比喻优先理论、概念整合理论和多义推导理论对3种变体类型分别进行理据分析。     

博彩者特征和彩票功能悖论

一些经济学理论认为理性的人可能在一定情形下因偏好风险而参加博彩，而一些心理学实验研究则发现博彩者可能存在系统性的心理偏误。对理论的分析发现，彩票对穷人更具有吸引力且博彩者存在非理性心理。国内实证文献也支持这两个结论。如果博彩行为是非理性行为，那么博彩业就有利用人们非理性幼稚心理牟利的嫌疑。政府宣称发行彩票的目的是筹集资金用于社会公益事业，这就形成了一个悖论，即从贫穷群体那里筹集资金来改善他们的处境。     

Understanding Older Americans' Attitudes,Knowledge, and Fears About Vision Loss and Aging

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with attitudes, knowledge, and fear of age-related vision impairment in a representative sample of US adults age 55 and older. Data were obtained from a national telephone survey. Attitudes toward vision impairment and aging were positive, but fears were extensive and knowledge was lacking. Higher socioeconomic status and experience with nonrelated persons who were visually impaired predicted better attitudes and greater knowledge. Being a women and having experience with persons who were visually impaired predicted lower fear. Findings emphasize the importance of accurate knowledge and training about visual impairment for practitioners working with this population.     

Prevalence of Elder Mistreatment as Reported by Social Workers in a Probability Sample of Adult Day Health Care Clients

ABSTRACT

There are growing numbers of Adult Day Health Care (ADHC) programs providing needed health services to community-dwelling elderly. Therefore, ADHC staff are in an opportune position to identify and to intervene in suspected elder mistreatment (EM) cases. In this paper, prevalence estimates of EM are reported for a probability sample of ADHC clients in New York State, using data provided during a social worker informant interview. The abuse “signs and symptoms” items in the social worker informant interview schedule were divided into two categories: (1) physical indicators and (2) client's behavioral indicators. Physical indicators included unexplained bruises and welts, unexplained burns, unexplained lacerations or abrasions, human bite marks, and frequent injuries that are “accidental” or “unexplained.” Client's behavioral indicators included apprehension, being frightened, and afraid to go home. EM prevalence for all 8 items was 12.3 percent. When “apprehensive” was excluded, the EM prevalence was 3.6 percent in this sample. These findings suggest that ADHC provides a point of contact for the assessment and intervention of EM that might otherwise be overlooked among elders who are often isolated or homebound.     

英语动物名词“动用”的转喻认知理据

名词“动用”是一种常见的语法现象，体现了人类基本的转喻思维模式。从概念转喻的视角研究英语动物名词动用的认知修辞效果，可以更好地揭示该语言现象产生的认知机制，为进一步探究词类转换的认知理据提供新的视角。     

哲学转向与语言学转向——兼论现代汉语的取舍构式

西方现代哲学经历了从经验主义到唯理主义,再到体验主义的转向,而在语言学界,从结构主义到生成语法,再到认知语言学,正是这一哲学转向的具体体现。文章对汉语取舍构式的研究就是在认知语言学的基础上来进行的,而认知语言学的根基正是体验主义哲学。像＂宁可＂、＂与其……不如……＂、＂非得……＂和＂偏偏……＂等取舍构式,所表达的都是取舍主体根据自身的主观标准对取舍项所进行的抉择。     

视觉认知理论的发展及其在建筑设计中的应用

作为艺术门类之一的建筑设计,其核心问题———审美并没有随时代的更迭而发生变化,而建筑审美的依据却向着愈加科学化的方向发展。视觉认知理论推动了建筑审美的科学化,而对审美的科学解释可以帮助更多的建筑师设计出赏心悦目的建筑。视觉认知理论从经验总结阶段发展到格式塔心理学的技术应用阶段再到大脑视觉机制的科学阐释阶段,发展历程中的阶段性成果已经成为建筑师的共识并在设计中得到有意识的应用,同时对大脑视觉机制的探索揭示了受众＂看＂建筑的特点,这也为建筑师解决数字时代建筑审美的新问题提供了研究方法。     

概念隐喻视角下拟人的构建及其认知力

以往对拟人的研究局限于修辞学范畴,主要考察拟人的修辞功能和效果。认知语言学认为,拟人既是一种语言现象,也是一种思维方式。Lakoff＆Johnson的概念隐喻理论认为,隐喻是一种普遍的思维方式,而拟人也是一种隐喻。拟人隐喻思维很好地解释了拟人作为一种语言现象普遍存在的原因。在认知语言学的概念隐喻理论框架下,探讨拟人的构建及其认知力,有助于加深对拟人的理解和运用。     

信念教育：思想政治理论课的必然选择

信念教育,特指以帮助学生树立信念,培养社会主义事业建设者和接班人为教学目的,让学生掌握知识,发展情感和意志的教育。要实现思想政治理论课教学从认知教育向信念教育的转变,必须抓住根本问题,根本改造自学、课堂教学、实践教学和考核四个环节,并完善各项保证措施。